北野成昭(キタノナルアキ) 作『獣医志Wiki』はクリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 - 非営利 - 継承 4.0 国際 ライセンスで提供されています。
「骨学」の版間の差分
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(ページの作成:「== 分類 == === 骨の形態による分類 === *長骨 (例) 肢骨の棒状の骨 *短骨 (例) 椎骨 *扁平骨 (例) 頭蓋骨 *含気骨 (例) 前...」) |
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(同じ利用者による、間の4版が非表示) | |||
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+ | [[Category:解剖学]] | ||
== 分類 == | == 分類 == | ||
=== 骨の形態による分類 === | === 骨の形態による分類 === | ||
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*短骨 (例) 椎骨 | *短骨 (例) 椎骨 | ||
*扁平骨 (例) 頭蓋骨 | *扁平骨 (例) 頭蓋骨 | ||
− | *含気骨 (例) 前頭骨(内部に空気を含む洞がある) | + | *含気骨 (例) 前頭骨(内部に空気を含む洞がある) |
+ | === 骨の基本構造 === | ||
+ | <html><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/geshtalt/25146230701/in/dateposted/" title="骨の構造"><img src="https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1592/25146230701_255a9eb5cd_z.jpg" width="640" height="268" alt="骨の構造"></a></html> | ||
== 長骨の構造 == | == 長骨の構造 == | ||
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== 骨の区分と数 == | == 骨の区分と数 == | ||
− | + | <html><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/geshtalt/25143289211/in/dateposted/" title="脊髄の湾曲と自律神経"><img src="https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1720/25143289211_57ebef954b_z.jpg" width="640" height="640" alt="脊髄の湾曲と自律神経"></a></html> | |
− | : | + | <html> |
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− | : | + | <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> |
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+ | </style> | ||
+ | </head> | ||
+ | <body> | ||
+ | <p class="p1"><br></p> | ||
+ | <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="t1"> | ||
+ | <tbody> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td colspan="2" valign="middle" class="td1"> | ||
+ | <p class="p1"><br></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td2"> | ||
+ | <p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>馬</b></span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td3"> | ||
+ | <p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>牛</b></span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td3"> | ||
+ | <p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>山羊</b></span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td3"> | ||
+ | <p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>羊</b></span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td2"> | ||
+ | <p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>豚</b></span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td3"> | ||
+ | <p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>犬と猫</b></span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td3"> | ||
+ | <p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>兎</b></span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td rowspan="5" valign="middle" class="td4"> | ||
+ | <p class="p3"><span class="s1"><b>脊</b></span></p> | ||
+ | <p class="p3"><span class="s1"><b>柱</b></span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td5"> | ||
+ | <p class="p4"><span class="s1">頚椎</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td colspan="7" valign="middle" class="td6"> | ||
+ | <p class="p5"><span class="s1">7</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td7"> | ||
+ | <p class="p4"><span class="s1">胸椎</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td8"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">18</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td9"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">13</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td9"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">13</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td10"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">13</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td11"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">14-16</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td12"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">13</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td12"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">12</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td13"> | ||
+ | <p class="p4"><span class="s1">腰椎</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td8"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">5-6</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td9"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">6</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td9"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">6-7</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td10"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">6-7</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td11"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">6</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td12"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">7</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td12"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">7</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td13"> | ||
+ | <p class="p4"><span class="s1">仙椎</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td8"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">5</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td9"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">5</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td9"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">5</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td10"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">4</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td11"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">4</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td12"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">3</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td12"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">4</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td14"> | ||
+ | <p class="p4"><span class="s1">尾椎</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td15"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">15-19</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td16"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">18-20</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td16"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">12-16</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td17"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">3-24</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td18"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">20-23</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td19"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">16-23</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td19"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">15-18</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td rowspan="2" valign="middle" class="td20"> | ||
+ | <p class="p3"><span class="s1"><b>肋</b></span></p> | ||
+ | <p class="p3"><span class="s1"><b>骨</b></span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td21"> | ||
+ | <p class="p4"><span class="s1">真肋</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td8"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">8</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td9"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">8</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td9"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">8</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td10"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">8</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td11"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">7</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td12"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">9</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td12"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">7</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td21"> | ||
+ | <p class="p4"><span class="s1">仮肋</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td8"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">10</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td9"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">5</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td9"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">5</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td10"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">5</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td11"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">7-8</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td12"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">4</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td12"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">5</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td22"> | ||
+ | <p class="p3"><span class="s1"><b>胸</b></span></p> | ||
+ | <p class="p3"><span class="s1"><b>骨</b></span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="middle" class="td23"> | ||
+ | <p class="p4"><span class="s1">胸骨片</span></p> | ||
+ | <p class="p7"><span class="s1">(真肋-1)</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td24"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">7</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td25"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">7</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td25"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">7</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td26"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">7</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td27"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">6</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td28"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">8</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td valign="top" class="td28"> | ||
+ | <p class="p6"><span class="s1">6</span></p> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | </tbody> | ||
+ | </table> | ||
+ | <p class="p8"><br></p> | ||
+ | </body> | ||
+ | </html> | ||
真肋+仮肋=胸椎 | 真肋+仮肋=胸椎 | ||
− | 真肋 | + | 真肋-1=胸骨 |
== [[頚椎]] == | == [[頚椎]] == |
2016年2月25日 (木) 04:03時点における最新版
分類
骨の形態による分類
- 長骨 (例) 肢骨の棒状の骨
- 短骨 (例) 椎骨
- 扁平骨 (例) 頭蓋骨
- 含気骨 (例) 前頭骨(内部に空気を含む洞がある)
骨の基本構造
長骨の構造
- 1 外形
- 骨端 両端の肥厚部のことで関節面をつくる
- 骨幹 骨端をのぞいた残りの骨の幹部
- 骨端軟骨 骨端と骨幹を結合する薄い軟骨&br; 骨が成長して長くなるのはこの部分。成長が完了すると骨化する。
- 2 縦面図
- 骨膜
- 骨の新生と再生を行う。血管、神経に富み知覚が鋭敏、髄腔内面をおおうものを骨内膜という。
- 緻密骨
- 骨質の表層をしめる。堅固で緻密な部分。
- 海綿骨
- 海綿状に小骨梁を形成している部分。骨端部近くに見られる。
- 骨髄; 髄腔や髄小室(海綿骨の部分)に見られる造血組織。
- 赤色骨髄:胎児、幼若期に見られる。
- 黄色骨髄:加齢とともに脂肪が蓄積し黄色となったもの。
- 膠様骨髄:老齢や栄養不良のため脂肪も失われてゼラチン様となったもの。
- 3 骨の微細構造
- 骨単位
- 中心管(ハバース管) ・・・・・・・栄養血管の通路
- オステオン層板(ハバース層板) ・・中心管を同心円状に囲む層板
- 骨小管 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・骨小腔を結ぶ細管で骨細胞の突起が入る
- 介在層板
- オステオン層板の間隙を満たす層板系
- 外環状層板
- 骨質の外側に見られる骨層板
- 貫通管
- 栄養管として中心管を骨質の外部または内部と連絡させる
- 軟骨
- 基質中にCa塩を含まないため骨より軟らかい
骨の区分と数
|
馬 |
牛 |
山羊 |
羊 |
豚 |
犬と猫 |
兎 |
|
脊 柱 |
頚椎 |
7 |
||||||
胸椎 |
18 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
14-16 |
13 |
12 |
|
腰椎 |
5-6 |
6 |
6-7 |
6-7 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
|
仙椎 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
|
尾椎 |
15-19 |
18-20 |
12-16 |
3-24 |
20-23 |
16-23 |
15-18 |
|
肋 骨 |
真肋 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
7 |
9 |
7 |
仮肋 |
10 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
7-8 |
4 |
5 |
|
胸 骨 |
胸骨片 (真肋-1) |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
6 |
8 |
6 |
真肋+仮肋=胸椎 真肋-1=胸骨