牛伝染性鼻気管炎 - 変更履歴

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[[Category:届出伝染病]]

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<body>
<p class="p1"><br></p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="t1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" class="td1">
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>病名</b></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="middle" class="td2">
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>原因</b></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="middle" class="td3">
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>伝播・疫学</b></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="middle" class="td4">
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>症状（臨床・病理）</b></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="middle" class="td5">
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>診断・類症鑑別</b></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="middle" class="td3">
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>予防・治療</b></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="middle" class="td6">
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>重要事項</b></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="middle" class="td3">
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>その他メモ</b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" valign="middle" class="td7">
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>和名：</b></span></p>
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>牛伝染性鼻気管炎</b></span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" valign="top" class="td8">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">和名：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">牛ヘルペスウイルス１型</span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" class="td9">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">感染様式：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">鼻汁・涙・生殖器の分泌物中のウイルスが経気道感染, 生殖器感染</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" valign="top" class="td10">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">臨床：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">発熱(41～42℃，稽留)，流涎，鼻粘膜の充血と膿疱形成，鼻漏(初期は漿液性，後に粘液性・膿性)，咳，呼吸困難(喘鳴音)，角結膜炎，流産，包皮炎，腟炎，腸炎。</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">乳牛では突然の乳量低下。脳炎は牛ヘルペスウイルス５型に起因。</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" valign="top" class="td11">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">診断：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">鼻汁などの病変部のぬぐい液を牛腎または精巣由来細胞に接種してウイルス分離。鼻腔・結膜・生殖器の塗抹標本からのウイルス抗原検出(FA)。PCRによる遺伝子診断。</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" valign="top" class="td12">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">予防：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">生ワクチン・不活化ワクチン接種</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" valign="top" class="td13">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">１．粘液性から化膿性の鼻漏を伴う上部呼吸器症状と結膜炎を主徴とし，流産，髄膜脳炎，下痢および乳量の低下などのさまざまな症状</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">２．神経節に潜伏感染し，ストレスなどで再活性化</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">３．集団飼育で多発</span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" valign="top" class="td14">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">潜伏期：３～８日。病型により異なる。</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" class="td15">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">世界：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">世界各地</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" class="td15">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">日本：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">あり</span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" class="td16">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">血清学的診断：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">中和テスト，HI反応，ELISA</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" class="td17">
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>英名：</b></span></p>
<p class="p2"><span class="s1"><b>infectious bovine rhinotracheitis</b></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" class="td18">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">英名：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesvirinae, Varicellovirus</span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" class="td9">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">宿主：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">牛，水牛</span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" class="td19">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">病理：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">呼吸器や生殖器粘膜に限局性の壊死病変。二次感染で気道に偽膜形成。感染初期の上部気道感染細胞にCowdryのA型核内封入体。流産胎子には肝臓などの諸臓器に微細な壊死斑。</span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" class="td20">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">類症鑑別：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">牛のパラインフルエンザ，牛流行熱，牛RSウイルス病，牛アデノウイルス病</span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" class="td9">
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">治療：</span></p>
<p class="p3"><span class="s1">対症療法。細菌の二次感染による気管支肺炎予防に抗生剤の投与。</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="p1"><br></p>
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